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Issue 114, 4 November 2005

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Personal services income

In a recent case, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has found that an IT consulting services company did not satisfy the ‘personal services business’ test and, as such, the company’s income was assessable income for each of the individual contractors.

The taxpayer established a company to provide IT consulting services and technicians. The company’s four technicians were contracted to external entities to work on a full-time basis. For the income years ended 30 June 2002 and 30 June 2003, the company derived total fee income of almost $1 million.

As the result of an audit in 2004, the Tax Office declared that the company was not a personal services business, as it did not pass any of the personal services business tests. The Tax Office subsequently reassessed the company’s fee income for each of the company’s four technicians.

The personal services income (PSI) tests are designed to prevent individuals from alienating income generated from personal services through another entity.

In order to be outside the PSI measures, a company can satisfy certain tests as outlined below:

  • results test: a contract is measured by an outcome or product and the contractor is liable to rectify any problems; or

  • no more than 80% of the business income is derived from a single source and you satisfy one of the following:

    • unrelated clients test: you derive income from two or more unrelated clients and advertise available services; or

    • employment test: you engage an individual(s) to perform 20% or more of the principal work; or

    • business premises test: you exclusively use business premises that are physically separate from your home, or from the premises of the person for whom you are working.

The AAT held that the relevant service contracts did not pass the results test as they were more in line with employment contracts, as each technician was paid an hourly rate and there was no contracted result or outcome.

None of the remaining three tests could be satisfied as each consultant derived 100% of their income from one source, thus not satisfying the 80% requirement. Consequently, the AAT affirmed the Tax Office’s amended assessments and the taxpayer’s appeal was dismissed.

This article appeared in Thomson’s Client Alert Newsletter Service. Client Alert is a monthly newsletter that promotes your business and develops your client’s awareness of upcoming tax issues. To find out more, click here.

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Superannuation insurance cover: Pitfall for employees changing employment

The Superannuation Complaints Tribunal (SCT) has reminded superannuation fund members that they are often obliged to notify their fund’s trustee of a change in their employment status to enable the fund to adjust their continuing insurance cover.

Furthermore, the Tribunal warns that continuing insurance cover via a superannuation fund often ceases shortly after the member leaves the service of the employer-sponsor.

Improved communication required

In expressing concerns about the number of cases involving the lack of understanding by members about continuing insurance cover, the Tribunal has called on trustees to improve their written communication so that members (and employers) are better informed of their obligation to notify the trustee in respect of certain events.

SCT Chairman, Mr Graham McDonald, said that, to be effective, communications issued by trustees must be clear and not assume an understanding of industry terms, expectations and/or practices.

The Tribunal said it has recently upheld a trustee’s submission that a member has an obligation to read material sent, and if the member does not read it, then the member must take responsibility for the consequences.

In the case mentioned, the Tribunal indicated that the former employer had not notified the trustee that the member had left its employment. As a result, member statements issued by the trustee continued to be sent to the member showing he had continuing insurance cover, which had in fact ceased 30 days after the member left the service of the employer.

The Tribunal noted that earlier information provided to the member consisted of both material giving information about new services (i.e. promotional material) but much less information notifying members on issues such as the necessity to notify a change of employment.

Trustee’s insurance systems

According to the Tribunal, the same case also highlights the need for trustees to have systems in place to identify accounts where deductions are being made for the payment of insurance premiums without there being corresponding contributions in respect of the member.

In the present case, Mr McDonald said two years had passed during which statements showing ongoing payments of premiums had been provided to the member, which led him to the erroneous conclusion that he had continuing insurance cover. However, during that two-year period no contributions had been received from the former employer.

The Tribunal concluded that as well as the employer and member failing in their responsibilities to notify the trustee of the change in the member’s employment status, the trustee also failed to recognise that incoming contributions had ceased. If it had realised this then it ought to have contacted the former employer and/or the member to clarify the situation, the Tribunal said.

However, in this particular case, the Tribunal said it was ultimately unable to provide a remedy, due to unrelated reasons.

Conciliation procedures

In 2004/05, the Tribunal said it experienced a 27.6% increase in the number of cases being conciliated. As a result of this increase, the Tribunal has decided that it will change the practice of approaching parties about their availability for a conference.

Instead of the conciliator contacting parties to establish suitable times, the Tribunal will decide the date and time and provide this in a notice to the parties under its powers in section 28 of the Superannuation (Resolution of Complaints) Act 1993. Normally, several weeks notice will be provided, the Tribunal said.

For the full text of the Chairperson’s Report, see the Superannuation Complaints Tribunal’s SCT Quarterly Bulletin No. 41, 1 July 2005 – 30 September 2005 available on the SCT website at: <www.sct.gov.au>.

This article appeared in Thomson’s Weekly Tax Bulletin (Issue 45, 28 October 2005). Weekly Tax Bulletin is the most comprehensive and informative tax news service available in Australia. It provides, in clear terms, the most accurate record of tax and related developments. Weekly Tax Bulletin covers everything from cases, new legislation, tax rulings and major announcements to detailed practitioner articles. Special coverage is given to year-end tax planning, the Federal Budget and newly introduced tax legislation, as well as major tax developments. To find out more, click here.

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Can distribution be made to more than one spouse?

Q. I have a client who has separated from his spouse Mary but they have not legally divorced. My client has now formed a de facto relationship with Jill.

My client has a family trust and has made a family trust election in which he is the specified individual. He is querying whether the family trust can distribute income to Mary and/or Jill?

A. A family trust can make a family trust election under Schedule 2F section 272–90 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). This will then relieve the trust from the onerous trust ownership and control tests contained in Schedule 2F of ITAA 1936.

However, the family trust election can only be made in respect of members of the family group of the nominated or test individual, nominated in the election.

Under Schedule 2F section 272–95 of ITAA 1936, the definition of family for the purposes of making such an election consists of:

  1. any parent, grandparent, brother, sister, nephew, niece, child or child of a child, of:

    1. the test individual; or

    2. the test individual’s spouse;

  2. the spouse of the test individual or of anyone else who is a member of the test individual’s family because of paragraph (a).

Note that once the election is made it is irrevocable.

The issue here arises because your client potentially has two spouses for tax purposes (or at least for the purposes of the family trust election provisions!). This is because he is still legally married to Mary but is in a de facto relationship with Jill.

The definition of spouse in section 6 of ITAA 1936 ‘includes another person who, although not legally married to the person, lives with the person on a bona fide domestic basis as the husband or wife of the person.’ Almost identical wording is contained in the definition in section 995 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997).

It is possible that both women may qualify under this definition for the purposes of the family trust election.

On the Tax Office website, in a series of questions and answers on the family trust election, the Tax Office states that someone remains the spouse of the test individual so long as they do not divorce, remarry or enter into a de facto relationship. The information then goes on to state that a de facto spouse will qualify as a family member due to the definition of spouse in section 6 of ITAA 1936.

Technically then, it appears that both women may well constitute ‘spouses’ for tax purposes and therefore qualify as family members for the purposes of Schedule 2F section 272-95 of ITAA 1936. There appears to be no tiebreaker clause where two people can technically qualify as spouse. It may, therefore, be worthwhile clarifying this position with the Tax Office via a private ruling request.

If this interpretation is correct, both women can receive distributions from the family trust as family members. However, care needs to be taken that if your client legally divorces Mary, or Mary subsequently enters into a de facto relationship, she will no longer qualify as your client’s spouse for the purposes of these provisions. Any distribution made to her after she no longer qualifies as his spouse will result in the trustee of the family trust becoming subject to family trust distribution tax.

This Q and A article appeared in Thomson’s inTax (November 2005); Australia’s best independent monthly tax magazine. It provides concise reports of the latest tax news, plus the practical implications of tax developments in an easy-to-read magazine format. To find out more, click here.

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National Institute of Accountants

Business Across Borders Conference, 9–11 November, Sofitel Hotel, Sydney

The Business Across Borders Conference provides national and international speakers with the opportunity to provide their insights into the latest global issues affecting the way business is conducted in our increasingly global world. The impact of globalisation and the introduction of international accounting standards necessitate the need for businesses now to look beyond their local environments.

The National Institute of Accountants (NIA) hopes the conference will provide attendees with a framework to successfully conduct business across borders.

Visit <www.nia2005.com/> for more information on the speakers and the topics, or to register for the conference.

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Thomson special offers and product alert

2005 Financial Accounts Presentation workshop

For entities with December balance dates, the implementation of international-equivalent accounting standards is just around the corner. Take this opportunity to ensure you know what to do and how to do it.

This informative, hands-on workshop is a time-efficient way to learn how to apply the revised rules and withstand the increased scrutiny inherent in the new accounting regime.

Led by industry specialist David Sauer, this workshop gives you the reporting knowledge you need, including in-depth, practical coverage of how AIFRS adoption affects you. You’ll work through and take home model disclosures, case studies and checklists for faster, stress-free accounts preparation.

Bonus offer — all delegates receive a bonus CD-ROM with checklists, sample disclosures, letters and worked case study solutions prepared by David Sauer.

Sydney: 14–15 November 2005

Brisbane: 21–22 November 2005

Click here to register or call 1300 304 197.

ASIC official publications

Ensure you’re working with the most current, relevant compliance information available, written and authorised by ASIC.

These essential guides to your profession’s changing requirements help you stay on top of key developments quickly, easily, and confidently.

ASIC Working Guide for Accountants

ASIC Working Guide for Company Secretaries

ASIC Managed Investments Handbook

ASIC Working Guide for Company Directors

ASIC Financial Services Policy Handbook

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